Diabète sucré : une maladie épidémique
Diabète sucré : pronostic sévère
Diabète sucré : échec du traitement



Le contrôle glycémique est souvent un échec

Ross et al. Affiche. ACD 2000.
Un échec thérapeutique...
Partiel : 1 % de bénéfice (A1c) pour 3x plus de risque (hypoglycémies majeures)

| Type 1 Diabetes in the DCCT1 |
||
| Conventional insulin HbA1c ~9%, 6.5 y |
35% of pts | 19 events/100 PY |
| Intensive insulin HbA1c 7.2%, 6.5 y |
65% of pts | 61 events/100 PY |
|
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Type 2 Diabetes in the UKPDS2 |
||
|
Intensive insulin |
37% of pts | 2.3% pts/y |
PY=person-year.
1. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group. Diabetes. 1997;46:271-286.
2. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352:837-853.

Adaptation de Meltzer et al., CMAJ 1998;159(suppl. 8):S1-29.

ADA=American Diabetes Association.
Adapted from UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352:854-865.

|
HbA1C (%)
|
Glycémie à jeun,
glycémie ac (mmol/L) |
Glycémie 2 h pc
(mmol/L) |
|
| Cibles |
(115 %) |
4,0 à 7,0
|
5,0 à 10,0
|
| Si sécuritaire |
|
4,0 à 6,0
|
5,0 à 8,0
|

B=breakfast; L=lunch; D=dinner.
Adapted from Riddle MC. Diabetes Care. 1990;13:676-686.
1 Leahy JL. In: Leahy JL, Cefalu WT, eds. Insulin Therapy. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2002.
2 Wittlin SD et al. In: Leahy JL, Cefalu WT, eds. Insulin Therapy. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2002.
3 McCall AL. In: Leahy JL, Cefalu WT, eds. Insulin Therapy. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2002.
4 Chan JL et al. Mayo Clin Proc. 2003;78:459-467.
|
Classiques (durée d’action)
|
Analogues (durée d’action)
|

1. Novolog [package insert]. Bagsvaerd, Denmark: Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals, Inc; 2004.
2. Humalog [package insert]. Indianapolis, Ind: Eli Lilly and Company; 2002.
3. Lantus [package insert]. Frankfurt, Germany: Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH; 2003.


| Insulin Preparations |
Onset of Action
|
Peak of Action
|
Duration of Action
|
| Short-acting |
|
|
|
| RHI1 |
30-60 min
|
2-4 h
|
6-8 h
|
| Lispro1,2 |
15 min
|
1-2 h
|
2-5 h
|
| Aspart1,3 |
10-20 min
|
1-3 h
|
3-5 h
|
| Insulin glulisine4,6 |
10-20 min
|
1-2 h
|
3-4 h
|
|
|
|||
| Intermediate-acting |
|
|
|
|
NPH1 |
1-3h
|
5-7 h |
13-16 h |
| Detemir7,8 |
|
4-6 h
|
20 h
|
| Lente1 |
1-3 h
|
4-8 h
|
13-20 h
|
|
|
|||
|
Long-acting |
|
|
|
| Glargine9 |
1-2 h
|
Peakless
|
~24 h
|
| Ultralente9 |
2-4 h
|
8-14 h
|
<20 h
|
|
|
|||
|
Pre-mixed |
|
|
|
|
Insulin lispro 75/25*10 |
10 min |
1-4 h |
10-20 h |
|
Insulin aspart 70/30†10 |
10 min |
1-4 h |
16-20 h |
Time course of action of any insulin can vary in different people or at different times in the same person; thus, time periods indicated here should be considered general guidelines only.
*75% insulin lispro protamine suspension/25% insulin lispro.
†70% intermediate-acting protaminated insulin aspart/30% rapid-acting soluble insulin aspart.
RHI=regular human insulin; NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn.
Leahy JL. In: Leahy JL, Cefalu WT, eds. Insulin Therapy. New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, Inc; 2002:87-112.
Data on file. Insulin lispro summary of product characteristics. Houten, The Netherlands: Eli Lilly Nederland B.V.; 2001.
Data on file. Insulin aspart summary of product characteristics. Bagsvard, Denmark: Novo Nordisk A/S; 1999.
Rave K et al. Presented at: American Diabetes Association 64th Scientific Sessions; 4-8 June 2004; Orlando, Fla. Abstract 603.
Burger F et al. Presented at: American Diabetes Association 64th Scientific Sessions; 4-8 June 2004; Orlando, Fla. Abstract 2350.
Data on file. Insulin glulisine summary of product characteristics. Frankfurt, Germany: Aventis Pharma Deutschland GmbH; 2004.
Heinemann L et al. Diabet Med. 1999;16:332-338.
Pieber TR et al. Diabetes. 2002;51(suppl 2):A53.
Lepore M et al. Diabetes. 2000;49:2142-2148.
Feher MD, Bailey CJ. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2004;4:39-42.

NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn.
Adapted from Lepore M et al. Diabetes. 2000;49:2142-2148.

NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn.

Adapted from T. Pieber et al. Oral presentation ADA 2002
|
Absorption prolongée | |
|
||
|
Effet tampon et contribution minime à la protraction |
Glargine vs NPH dans le diabète de type 2 et le diabète de type 1
Detemir : disponible depuis peu en Amérique du Nord études type 1 +++
et type 2 +
Futur : études comparatives glargine vs detemir
Hypoglycémiants oraux en combinaison avec glargine ou NPH au coucher
Yki-Järvinen H et al. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1130-1136.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.
BMI=body mass index; FPG=fasting plasma glucose; GAD=glutamic acid decarboxylase.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.
NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn; FPG=fasting plasma glucose; PG=plasma glucose.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn; BMI=body mass index; FPG=fasting plasma glucose.
Adapted, with permission, from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

SU=sulphonylurea; MET=metformin; TZD= thiazolidinedione.
Adapted, with permission, from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn; FPG=fasting plasma glucose; OAD=oral anti-diabetic drug.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

*Measurements were from 2 preceding days; no increase in dosage if PG £72 mg/dL (£4.0 mmol/L) was documented at any time in preceding week.
†Small decrease (2-4 IU/d) in dosage allowed if self-monitored PG <56 mg/dL (<3.1 mmol/L) or severe hypoglycaemia occurs.
FPG=fasting plasma glucose; PG=plasma glucose.
Adapted, with permission, from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.
|
||
|
- GROUPE NPH |
41,8 ± 1,3 UI 47,2 ± 1,3 UI |
|
|
||
|
- GROUPE NPH |
2,8 ± 0,2 kg 3,0 ± 0,2 kg |
|
NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn; FPG=fasting plasma glucose; PG=plasma glucose.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

Preliminary data.
*Week 0 based on a starting dosage of 10 IU/d.
FPG=fasting plasma glucose.
Data from Rosenstock J et al. Diabetes. 2001;50(suppl 2):A129-A130.

FPG=fasting plasma glucose; NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn.
Adapted from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

Intent-to-treat analysis.
PG=plasma glucose; NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn.
Data from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn; PG=plasma glucose.
Adapted, with permission, from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn; PY=person-year.
Data from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

Hypoglycaemia defined as plasma glucose
72 mg/dL.
*P<0.05 vs insulin glargine.
NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn.
Adapted from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086. Used with permission.

NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn; PY=person-year.
Data from Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.
*70% human NPH/30% regular human insulin.
NPH=neutral protamine Hagedorn.
Janka H et al. Presented at: American Diabetes Association 64th Scientific Sessions; 4-8 June 2004; Orlando, Fla.
Porcellati F et al. Diabet Med. In press.
Riddle M et al. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.
Yki-Järvinen H et al. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1130-1136.
New England Journal of Medicine 2005: 352,2: 174-183 january 13, 2005
www.NEJM.ORG JANUARY 13, 2005
AC am, AC lunch, AC souper et HS
Études comparatives directes en cours

1. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Research Group. Diabetes. 1997;46:271-286.
2. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977-986.
3. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352:837-853.

† IDet (matin + avant souper); ‡ IDet (matin + coucher); # IDet (toutes les 12 h);##IDet (matin + coucher)

Hermansen K, et al. Diabetologia 2004;47:622

